Body Fat and Eating Disorders Paper Essay Example for Free

Body Fat and Eating Disorders Paper Essay Obese people have an overall morality rate almost twice that of non obese people. They are more than three times as likely to develop diabetes. Obesity is associated with unhealthy cholesterol levels and impaired heart function. It is estimated that if all Americans had a healthy body composition, the incidence of coronary heart disease would drop by 25%. Other health risks associated with obesity include hypertension, many kinds of cancer, impaired immune function, gallbladder and kidney diseases, and bone and joint disorders. These risk from obesity increase with its severity, and they are much more likely to occur in people who are more than twice their desirable body weight. Body Fat The distribution of body fat is also an important indicator of future health. People who tend to gain weight in the abdominal area have risk of coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and stroke twice as high as those who tend to gain weight hip area. The reason for this increase risk is not entirely clear, but it appears that fat in the abdomen is more easily mobilized and sent into the bloodstream, increasing disease related blood fat levels. In addition to risking physical health, obesity can impair psychological health. Being perceived as fat can be the source of ridicule, ostracism, and sometimes discrimination from others; it can contribute to psychological problems such as depression and low self esteem. For some, the stigma associated with obesity can give rise to a negative body image, body dissatisfaction, and eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia. What Influence Behavior Obesity is an result of intricate interactions of biology, behavior, and environment. Recent hypothesis in the scientific community suggest the current obesity epidemic is being driven largely by environmental factors (high energy/ high fat foods, fast foods consumption, television watching, â€Å"super sized† portions) rather than biological ones. Individuals are bombarded with images and offers of high fat, high calorie, high palatable, convenient, and inexpensive foods. Today’s stressful lifestyles compound the effects of environmental factors by impairing weight loss efforts and by promoting fat storage. Health Problems Associated with Anorexia Nervosa, and Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge eating disorder. When it comes to Anorexia Nervosa, and the cycle of self starvation. The body is denied the essential nutrients it needs to function normally. It can cause an abnormally slow heart rate, and low blood pressure. When it comes to Bulimia Nervosa, and the recurrent binge and purge cycles of bulimia can affect the entire digestive system ad can lead to electrolyte and chemical imbalances in the body that affect the heart and other major organ functions. Electrolytes imbalances that can lead to irregular heartbeats and possibly heart failure and death. When it comes to Binge eating disorder often result in the same health risk associated with clinical obesity. High blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, secondary diabetes, gallbladder disease, and heart disease as a result of elevated triglyceride levels. Conclusion When it comes to eating disorders sometimes your regular medical doctor is not the best one for treating these disorders. You may need to seek the help of a psychologist, because there are usually some mental issues involved in eating disorders. References: Eating Disorders Health Consequences, By John M. Grohol, Psy.D, Jun.1, (2010), Retrieved from, www.psychcentral.com Health Risk of Excess Body Fat, n.a., n.d., Retrieved from, www.teach.valosta.edu Environmental and Life Influences on Obesity, By P.J. Brantley, V.H. Myers, H.J. Roy, Jan., (2005), Retrieved from, www.ncbi.nim.nih.gov

Living in Belgium :: Personal Narrative Essays

Living in Belgium Question Answered: Recall a multicultural experience that has positively impacted your educational career. Discuss your experience and describe the ways in which you have benefited from this experience. My friend Owen and I used to play a game to take up time when we walked down the chaussee in downtown Waterloo, Belgium. We would try to identify the origins of people who walked by us. If someone bustled past us, practically knocking us down, while smoking a cigarette and wearing tight pants, they were Belgian. If they sported a windsuit and brand-new white sneakers we'd mutter "American", as they passed by toting their map. We had more trouble telling Swedish and Finnish people apart, but we were pretty good at that too. I recalled this a few days ago and it amazed me how much I have changed in the last year. In the summer before tenth grade, I moved to Belgium for eighteen months. During the time I stayed there, I adapted to the 'Belgian' way of life - speaking (rudimentary) French, sampling escargot and endives, and learning my way around the complicated maze that they call streets. However, I am such a typical 'American' now that sometimes I feel like I never even left the States. Instead of spending my Friday nights playing snooker in a smoky cafŽ in Waterloo, I might go to Applebee's and a football game with my friends. It seems so strange that my life could change so much in such a short time. I find myself missing little things that I took for granted while living overseas - fresh bread, dogs sitting with their owners in restaurants, and passing international landmarks on the way to school. It's not to say that I don't like my new way of life, but just recently I have realized how much I have changed. When I lived in Belgium, I would dread another trip with visitors of the family to the Grand Place. Now, I would love to see the Mannequin de Pis in downtown Brussels. I don't know when this transformation took place because I didn't even realize that it was happening. The funny thing was that while I lived in Belgium, my friends and I would always lament on how much we craved Reese's, Butterfingers, marshmallows and real peanut butter. We would talk about how much we missed our friends, malls, and movies without subtitles.

Ankle Joint Angular Kinematics Health And Social Care Essay

Kinematic information was obtained utilizing an eight camera gesture analysis system as participants ran at 4.0ms-1+5 % , angles were created utilizing the coiling method and the six available rotary motion cardan sequences. A popular method of quantifying the angular place of a stiff dynamic frame with regard to a mention frame is via the use of independent angles known normally as cardan or Euler angles ( Schache et al. , 2001 ) . Cardan/Euler rotary motions are obtained by agencies of an ordered sequence of rotary motions ( Schache et al. , 2001 ) . Rotations are considered to happen about the axis of the section co-ordniate system. For illustration during an XYZ cardan sequence of rotary motions, the section is rotated about the X axes by an angle A, so rotates about a revolved Y ‘ by an angle B and so eventually rotated about a twice rotated Z † axes by an angle C ( Schache et al. , 2001 ) . For a given gesture, different cardan sequences can act upon the angular computations ( Cole et al. , 1993 ) . The International Society of Biomechanics ( ISB ) recommends that lower appendage angular kinematics be calculated utilizing an XYZ sequence of rotary motions, where Ten is flexion/extension, Y is abduction/adduction and Z is axial ( internal/external ) rotary motion ( Cole et al. , 1993 and Wu et al. , 2002 ) . Cole et Al ( 1993 ) based their recommendations around the apprehension that the first rotary motion should be the axis with the greatest scope of gesture, their consequences led to the recommended attack to give clinically relevant informations. However, the big sum of sagittal plane gesture during pace can encroach on the representation of motions outside the sagittal plane ( transverse talk ) , ensuing in greater than expected coronal/transverse plane articulation profiles ( Thewlis et al. , 2008 ) . As such it has been proposed that the XYZ sequence when applied to rotary motions outside the sagittal plane may non be the most appropriate method. In add-on to the normally used cardanic method, coiling angles can besides be used to depict the place of one mention system with regard to another ( Woltring et al. , 1985 ) . Using this technique a place vector and an orientation vector are defined and motion from a mention place is described in footings of rotary motion along a individual projected axis. This method is considered to be stable over any imaginable joint gesture, yet it is utilised infrequently as angular gesture utilizing this technique may non match with an anatomical representation that is clinically meaningful ( Hamill and Selbie, 2004 ) . The ankle articulation plays a cardinal function in the stance stage of the pace rhythm ( Areblad et al. , 1990 and Novacheck 1998 ) . In combination with the hip and articulatio genus articulations the mortise joint facilitates motive power and transmits forces and minutes during the stance stage when the pes is regarded as the interface of the human locomotor system with the environment. Therefore, motion of the mortise joint is an of import constituent of pace mechanics and as such the right reading of its motion is indispensable in kinematic analyses. A choice figure of probes have examined the influence that the method used to cipher segmental kinematics has on the representation of segmental kinematics during pace ( Schache et al. , 2001, Kavaduna et al. , 2000, Tupling and Pierrynowski 1987, Woltring, 1991 and Thewlis et al. , 2008 ) . Areblad et al. , ( 1990 ) and Cole et al. , ( 1993 ) compared ankle articulation kinematics in the sagittal, coronal and cross planes utilizing two rotary motion sequences where the first rotary motion was flexion/extension in both instances. However, these probes did non analyze the staying four rotary motion sequences and used a two camera set-up whereby the deliberate angles are sensitive to the alliance of the camera As such the most appropriate method for the finding of ankle joint kinematics during running remains unknown. This survey investigated the influence of the coiling method every bit good as the 6 available cardan sequences on ankle joint kinematics in the sagittal, coronal and cross planes.MethodEleven male participants volunteered to take portion in this probe ( age 19 + 1 old ages ; Height 176.5 + 5.2 centimeter ; Mass 78.4 + 9.0 kilogram ) . All were injury free at the clip of informations aggregation and completed an informed consent signifier. Ethical blessing for this undertaking was obtained from the School of Psychology moralss commission, University of Central Lancashire and each participant provided written consent. A statistical power analysis of pilot informations was conducted in order to cut down the likeliness of a type II mistake and find the minimal figure participants needed for this probe. It was found that the sample size was sufficient to supply more than 80 % sta tistical power in the experimental step. An eight camera gesture analysis system ( QualisysTM Medical AB, Goteburg, Sweden ) captured kinematic informations at 350Hz from each participant running at 4.0ms-1. Calibration of the QualysisTM system was performed before each information aggregation session. Only standardizations which produced mean remainders of less than 0.85 millimeter for each camera for a 750.5mm wand length and points above 4000 were accepted prior to informations aggregation. Velocity was monitored utilizing infrared photoelectric cells Newtest 300 ( Newtest, Oy Koulukatu 31 B 11 90100 Oulu Finland ) , a maximal divergence of + 5 % from the in agreement speed was allowed. Participants ran over a force platform ( Kistler, Kistler Instruments Ltd. , Alton, Hampshire, UK ; Model 9281CA ) , stance clip was determined as the clip over which 20N or greater of perpendicular force was applied to the force platform. The marker set used for the survey was based on the CAST technique ( Cappozo et al. , ( 1995 ) . Retro-reflective markers were attached to the right pes and shank in the undermentioned locations 1st and 5th metatarsal caputs, median and sidelong maleoli, median and sidelong epicondyle of the thighbone, with a tracking bunch positioned on the right shank. The tracking bunch was comprised of four 10mm spherical brooding markers mounted to a thin sheath of lightweight C fibre with a length to width ratio of 1.5-1, in conformity with the Cappozzo et al. , ( 1997 ) recommendations. A inactive test was captured to specify the pes and tibial sections, following which markers non used for tracking the sections during gesture, were removed. Kinematic parametric quantities were quantified utilizing Ocular 3-D ( C-Motion Inc, Gaithersburg, USA ) and filtered at 10 Hz utilizing a zero-lag low base on balls Butterworth 4th order filter. Five tests of ankle joint rotary motion during stance were a veraged for each participant. Angles were created utilizing the coiling method and about XYZ, ZXY, XZY, YXZ, YZX and YXZ rotary motion cardan sequences referenced to co-ordinate systems about the proximal terminal of the section, where Ten is flexion-extension ; Y is ab-adduction and is Z is internal-external rotary motion. Descriptive statistics including agencies and standard divergences were calculated for each status. Differences in stance stage extremum angles and scope ‘s of gesture were examined utilizing perennial steps ANOVA ‘s with significance accepted at the P & A ; lt ; 0.05 degree. The Mauchly ‘s sphericalness premise was violated in all instances and as such the grades of freedom of the F statistic were adjusted via the Greenhouse Geisser rectification. The Shapiro-wilk statistic for each status confirmed that the informations were usually distributed. Appropriate post-hoc analyses were conducted utilizing a Bonferroni rectification to command for type I error. Effect sizes were calculated utilizing an Eta2. Cohen ‘s suggestion sing effects sizes was observed ( little R & A ; lt ; 0.3 ; medium R & A ; gt ; 0.3 and & A ; lt ; 0.5 ; big & A ; gt ; 0.5 ) . All statistical processs were conducted utilizing SPSS 17.0.ConsequenceFigure 1 presents the average 3-D angular kinematics of the ankle articulation during the stance stage. Tables 1 and 2 present scopes of gesture and peak angles observed in all three planes of rotary motion as a map of cardan sequence.Table1: Mean ( and standard divergence ) scope of gesture ( deg ) for each rotary motion as a map of cardan sequence ( * = important ( p & A ; lt ; 0.05 ) chief consequence ) n=11.@ @ @ Table 1 near here @ @ @Table 2: Mean ( and standard divergence extremum values ) ( deg ) for each rotary motion as a map of cardan sequence ( * = important ( p & A ; lt ; 0.05 ) chief consequence ) n=11.@ @ @ Table 2 near here @ @ @The consequences indicate that important scope of gesture chief effects were observed for the coronal F ( 1.85, 16.66 ) = 10.04, P & A ; lt ; 0.05, eta2= 0.53 and cross plane F ( 2.04, 18.39 ) =21.91, P & A ; lt ; 0.05, eta2=0.71. Post-hoc analyses revealed that both coronal and cross plane ROM utilizing the YXZ and ZXY sequences was significantly greater than the others. Furthermore , it was besides observed that extremum angle chief effects were found for the coronal F ( 2.28, 20.48 ) = 82.99, P & A ; lt ; 0.05, eta2=0.90 and transverse planes F ( 2.08, 18.72 ) = 80.49, P & A ; lt ; 0.05, eta2= 0.90. Post-hoc analyses revealed that peak coronal and cross plane angles utilizing the YXZ sequence were significantly greater than the others.@ @ @ @ Figure 1 near here @ @ @ @Figure 1: Representative mortise joint articulation kinematics in the a. sagittal, b. wreath and c. transverse planes as a map of cardan sequence.DiscussionEuler/Cardan angles are used extensively within the Fieldss of clinical and sport biomechanics. To day of the month the consequence of changing the sequence of rotary motions has yet to be to the full investigated with regard to the ankle articulation composite ( Areblad et al. , 1990 ) . The intent of the current probe was to analyze the grade of sequence dependence associated with the cardanic method when depicting 3-D kinematics of the mor tise joint.The consequences indicate that changing the sequence of rotary motions when detecting kinematics in the sagittal plane has no important affect on joint scope of gesture parametric quantities. This is unsurprising given the laterality of sagittal plane gesture pace ( Novacheck, 1998 ) . This concurs with the bulk of literature with respects to sequence dependent angles as the wreath and cross plane motions are little in comparing to the sagittal plane and therefore the potency for two-dimensional cross-talk is minimum ( Areblad et al. , 1990 and Thewlis et al. , 2008 ) . Leading to the decision that choosing the appropriate sequence of rotary motions is non an issue when look intoing kinematics in the sagittal plane. However, for the coronal and cross planes a important consequence was found in footings of both the scope of gesture and peak angle observed during the stance stage. The consequences of this survey with regard to the mortise joint articulation found that the ZXY and YXZ sequences significantly affected ankle joint kinematics bring forthing highly big values for both scope of gesture and peak angles. The mistake associated with these sequences is such that the kinematic estimations are anatomically unrealistic. It is interesting to observe that the two combinations which were observed to be significantly different from the others ( YXZ and ZXY ) each had X 2nd in the order of rotary motions. This was the instance even when the principal axis under probe is placed foremost, where it could be assumed that the comparative orientation ( of the chief axis ) would be minimally affected by the grade of sagittal plane gesture holding been placed before it in the sequence. However, when the wreath and cross plane profiles are observed it is evident that peak angles occur at or around maximal dorsi-flexion. Thus it appears to back up the being of two-dimensional cross-talk, and concurs with the findings of ( Thewlis et al. , 2008, Kabada et al. , 1990 and Blankevoort et al. , 1988 ) . However when X is placed last in the order of rotary motions it has small consequence on the magnitude of the and the coronal and cross plane articulation profiles appear to be independent to motion in the sagittal plan e. These consequences appear to oppose those reported by Areblad et al. , ( 1990 ) who reported that changing the sequence of rotary motions has merely a little influence on the angular computations. However nevertheless, observation of the angular profiles and statistical informations suggests that there appears to be minimum transverse talk from the sagittal plane in informations which uses the XYZ sequence to cipher coronal and cross plane kinematics. Another, proposed method of quantifying angular kinematics is to see the principal axis under probe. Whereby the sequence of rotary motions is selected based on the plane being considered, with X placed last during coronal and cross plane rotary motions to cut down its weighting and rarefy cross-talk ( Richards et al. , 2008 ) . This method may hold virtue and could function as an option to the ISB method as the consequences suggest that cross talk is minimum utilizing this technique, but future probes are necessary to find whether it p rovides any extra benefits to the XYZ sequence. It is clear from the consequences that different computational methods can give different angular kinematic forms. Based on these consequences it appears that at the current clip the ISB recommendations are the most appropriate for the representation of ankle joint kinematics during the stance stage of running, and as such its usage is encouraged. The findings may hold wider deductions for research workers utilizing Cardan angles as portion of their kinematic informations decrease protocol. In add-on the consequences suggest that the YXZ and ZXY sequences produce the greatest mistake and therefore the use of these sequences to quantify ankle gesture outside the sagittal plane is strongly discouraged. This survey emphasizes the demand for new methods which allow angular kinematics to be measured accurately. Therefore, guaranting joint map is represented right.

Traditional Baccalaureate Service While Celebrating...

RATIONALE: Traditionally, Glenwood City School District has organized and sponsored the religious Baccalaureate service on the Wednesday evening preceding graduation weekend. The focus of the service was the religious support by the inter-faith community, but the service also encompassed scholarships and additional awards. As the senior class advisor, I have seen a marked decline in the participation on the part of the students over the past five years; I have seen a marked decline in the participation on the part of the students. Students that chose not to participate in the Baccalaureate service cited the fact that they did not feel comfortable going to ‘church’ or that it was against their own identified religion. In order to appease those involved, especially the parents, the district felt it necessary to separate the service into two distinct events, while distancing ourselves from the religious aspect. The essential question was: How do we replace the traditional Baccalaurea te service while celebrating student accomplishments? KEY RESOURCES: Although it is not advertised in a positive light, the Constitution does allow for religious activity in the public schools. Unfortunately, this aspect of constitutional law is not as well-known as it should be. It is a common misconception that the Supreme Court has declared the public schools religion-free zones – which is simply wrong, or some claim that the law is so murky that school officials cannot know what is legally